Comparison of AMR annotations across languages: problems and solutions

Abstract

This study presents an adaptation of the Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR) framework for European Portuguese. This adaptation, referred to as Lexicalized Meaning Representation (LMR), was deemed necessary to address specific challenges posed by the grammar of the language, as well as various linguistic issues raised by the current version of AMR annotation guidelines. Some of these aspects stemmed from the use of a notation similar to AMR to represent real texts from the legal domain, enabling its use in natural language processing (NLP) applications. In this context, several aspects of AMR were significantly simplified, e.g., the representation of multi-word expressions, named entities, and temporal expressions; while others were reintroduced, with efforts made to maintain the representation scheme as compatible as possible with standard AMR notation.